Yesterday three teenage skateboarders stood on the podium at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics to receive their medals.
Nishiya Moiji, 13, 日本队夺金, Rayssa Leal, 13, 巴西队获得银牌, 和船纳中山, 16, 在首届奥运会女子街头滑板比赛中，日本队获得铜牌.
这一刻很可能标志着滑板运动的一个转折点, 促进年轻人的成长, 女性参与, 但也让长期以来的草根合法化, 反文化运动, 一本新书的作者如是说, 极限运动与奥运会:过去，现在和未来.
这本书，是由 贝琳达·惠顿教授 而且 霍利·索普教授 从 Te Huataki Waiora -卫生学院 云顶集团官网, 是基于十年来对奥林匹克运动演变的研究, 从最初的动作运动纳入到今天.
The book takes an in-depth look at the 国际 Olympic Committee (IOC) 而且 changes that have been occurring over time, 包括今年推出的四项新运动:滑板, 冲浪, 运动攀岩和小轮车自由式.
It also includes a section on the rise of the teen girl skateboarder phenomenon 而且 a chapter on gender.
Professor Wheaton 而且 Thorpe are excited about the opportunities for gender equality 而且 representation in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games.
“这个数字已经大幅上升, 很快, 十几岁前的女孩玩滑板,惠顿教授说. “如果滑板有好的直播时间, it will surprise a lot of people because you have young girls doing phenomenal things 而且 that could have a really big impact on a new generation of young women 而且 girls.”
索普教授表示，国际奥委会正在努力实现性别平等, 包括对体育项目实施配额, which has created new opportunities for women 而且 girls at the Tokyo Olympics as athletes 而且 leaders.
“We are going to see some amazing women in these sports in the Olympics 而且 we hope that will have a ripple effect, in terms of who sees themselves in these sports going forward 而且 hopefully support for women in these sports.”
新动作项目推出
Skateboarding is one of the new action sports introduced by the IOC at Tokyo in the hopes of breaking down elitism barriers 而且 attracting a younger, 更多城市观众.
“This is in response to growing criticisms that the Olympics are increasingly irrelevant to everyday people,索普教授说.
The question of whether it will be enough to get young people watching the Olympics is still up for debate.
“年轻人不会坐上四个小时在电视上看奥运会,索普教授说. “Young people will probably consume the Olympics via very short videos on their favourite athletes’ social media accounts.”
Professor Wheaton says its inclusion in the Tokyo Olympics will help “legitimize” 滑板, 长期以来被认为是草根, “不正常的, 邋遢男孩的东西". Now in the Olympic spotlight 滑板 is likely to evolve into a sport that schools 而且 clubs will embrace, 父母也会鼓励孩子去追求.
缺乏资金和设施
然而, 在新西兰, 缺乏设施, funding 而且 sponsorship remain a challenge for action sports - something that Professor Thorpe 而且 Wheaton address in their book.
还有调查和媒体分析, 两人采访了50多名职业运动员, 休闲的参与者, 国际单项体育联合会主席, 公司所有者, 国际奥委会工作人员, 体育产业领导者, 媒体及活动主办机构. 他们还与新西兰体育机构举行了一些利益相关者会议, 是什么启发了他们的研究结果.
“对于那些想要达到专业水平的(极限运动参与者)来说, 目前云顶集团国家还没有这样的途径,惠顿教授说. “经历了什么, 一次又一次, 就是沮丧, 尤其是像滑板这样的运动, 冲浪和小轮车, that they are not being funded - which 在新西兰 is pretty woeful compared to some places around the world.”
他们的书中有一章探讨了不同国家对极限运动的不同投资, 并将新西兰和澳大利亚进行了比较, 美国和中国.
“新西兰在这些体育项目上投入很少, 而且 we are going to see that lack of investment in Tokyo 而且 probably Paris (in the 2024 Summer Olympic Games),索普教授说.
“云顶集团看到澳大利亚有一个冲浪运动的大中心, 滑板, 攀岩和自由式小轮车, 而且 they are really putting a lot of money 而且 resourcing 而且 infrastructure around these sports, 云顶集团看到美国也在做类似的事情. 在中国, they are taking four 而且 five year old kids out of school 而且 putting them in action sport training camps, 因为他们看到了奥运金牌的潜力,索普教授说, 谁说缺乏资金和设施是年轻运动员出国的原因.
“从历史上看，这些运动都是草根运动, 由于对金牌的渴望，云顶集团现在看到的是自上而下的模式. 成为奥运项目, 云顶集团看到这些运动的结构正在发生变化, 这可能会对参与这些运动的人产生相当有趣的影响, 以及他们参与的原因和方式.”
制度在慢慢改变
国际奥委会被比作“一艘货运船”, 将慢慢地, 而新的极限运动被认为更快更灵活, 就像水上摩托, 被采访者在他们的书中写道, 惠顿教授说.
然而, the issue is bigger than just action sports 而且 the Olympic Games - large industry bodies 在新西兰 also face challenges 而且 need to change.
“云顶集团看到新西兰的体育组织试图吸引年轻的孩子参加体育运动, 让他们留在那里，实现现代化,索普教授说. “The infrastructure of traditional sports is creaking with social changes, 而且 they need to respond.
“国际奥委会是一个大型机构，试图改变自己的结构来做出回应, but we see Sport New Zeal而且 而且 many of our sporting organisations also recognising our structures don’t work anymore; we have to be more flexible, 反应更迅速, 云顶集团需要能理解的人, 在地面上. 而不是60岁的白人围坐在桌子旁为其他人做决定, 因为这已经不管用了,索普教授说.
东京奥运会预示着城市吸引力和民主化, “but in reality the Olympic Games are still dominated by particular groups of participants 而且 countries”’ suggests Professor Wheaton.
Three Waikato University PhD students also contributed to the book: Dr Damien Puddle (on the development of Parkour 在新西兰), John MacFarlene(关于滑板新西兰的发展), both at organisational 而且 grassroots level) 而且 Dr Neftalie Williams (on the development of 滑板 in the USA 而且 diversity).
KAUPAPA KŌRERO
Professor Thorpe 而且 Professor Wheaton are among a panel of speakers at the Kaupapa Kōrero - Little Talks, Big Topics series on Tuesday 27 July night at the Gallagher Academy of Performing Arts on campus.
主题是 更快、更高、更强 ... 风险更大? 新冠奥运会上的力量、表现和爱国主义.
其他发言人包括:
- 来自新西兰赛艇队的杰夫·巴里
- 达米安博士从体育云顶集团官网和跑酷新西兰-陶哈凯Aotearoa
- 云顶集团官网特华塔基怀欧拉健康学院的Rob Townsend博士说
- Ally Wollaston 从 the New Zeal而且 Women’s Endurance Track Cycling Team (而且 a current Law student at Waikato)
- Mihi Nemani, 世界田径和举重冠军, current PhD c而且idate 云顶集团官网 而且 principal lecturer in Sport at Manukau Institute of Technology
活动5点开始.下午45点，免费向公众开放. 要注册或了解更多信息，请访问活动页面 在这里. 看看下面的视频，了解一下这次活动的内容.
